The GEISA 2011 sub-database on Atmospheric Aerosols
Besides the molecular species which define the gaseous infrared opacity in the Earths atmosphere aerosol particles also contribute to this opacity. Consequently, a common GEISA and GEISA/IASI aerosols sub-database has been elaborated. It gathers data on complex refractive indices of selected basic aerosol components : Massie (1994, 2003), Hess et al. (1998), Koepke et al.(1997), Rublev (1994).
The various available aerosols compounds have been distributed among four classes:
| Acids | Ash – Soot – Carbonaceous | Water – Ice | Solids – Salts |
Description of columns :
Column 1 : molecular species names
Column 2 : spectral coverage (cm-1)
Column 3 : overall temperature range (K)
Column 4 : Concentration range in % (9.99 when unknown or not applicable)
Column 5 : number of associated files
Column 6 : related references
Column 7 : related reference numbers
Reference names for file selection using associated search engine are in red
| Acids | ||||||
| Component | Spectral coverage (cm-1) |
Temperature range (K) |
Concentration range (%) |
Number of files |
References | Ref No |
Sulfuric Acid H2SO4/H2O |
2 – 16382 | 183-293 | 0-80 | 117 | Biermann et al. (2000) | [1] |
| 825 – 4701 | 200 – 300 | 32-87 | 61 | Niedziela et al. (1999) | [14] | |
| 499 – 3648 | 215 | 45 – 80 | 16 | Tisdale et al. (1998) | [26] | |
| 200 – 50000 | 215-300 | 75 | 2 | Hummel et al. (1988) | [11] | |
| 250 – 40000 | 293 | 75 | 7 | Fenn et al. (1985) | [8] | |
| 250 – 40000 | 293 | 75 | 1 | Shettle and Fenn (1979) | [23] | |
| 400 – 27800 | 293 | 25-95 | 12 | Palmer and Williams (1975) | [17] | |
| 747 – 1571 | 293 | 75-90 | 2 | Remsberg et al. (1974) | [21] | |
| 250 – 40000 | 293 | 75 | 1 | Volz et al. (1972a, 1972b, 1973); Shettle and Fenn (1979). |
[30, 31, 32] [23] |
|
| Nitric Acid HNO3/H2O |
431 – 16382 | 213 – 293 | 0 -50 | 62 | Biermann et al. (2000) | [1] |
| 754 – 4701 | 220 | 35 -70 | 10 | Norman et al. (1999) | [15] | |
| 250 – 4988 | 293 | 3 – 70 | 12 | Querry and Tyler (1980) | [19] | |
| 850 – 1088 | 293 | 38 | 1 | Remsberg et al. (1974) | [21] | |
| Ternary H2SO4/HNO3/H2O |
825 – 5000 | 220 | 15-45 (HNO3) 10-40 (H2SO4) |
12 | Norman et al. (2002) | [16] |
| Nitric Acid amorphous solutions hydrates (1) | 482 – 7000 | 153 – 196 | 99 – 9.99 | 8 | Toon et al. (1994)
Richwine et al. (1995) |
[28] [22] |
(1) Nitric Acid amorphous solutions and Hydrates :
(one file for each component)
β NATNitric acid trihydrate solid film at 196 K
α NATNitric acid trihydrate solid film at 181 K
NAD-filmNitric acid dihydrate solid film at 184 K
NAM-filmNitric acid monohydrate solid film at 179 K
NATNitric acid trihydrate at 160 K
a NAD-filmAmorphous NAD solid solution film at 153 K
a NAM-filmAmorphous NAT solid solution film at 153 K
a NAT-filmAmorphous NAM solid solution film at153 K
| Ash – Soot – Carbonaceous | ||||||
| Component | Spectral coverage (cm-1) |
Temperature range (K) |
Concentration range (%) |
Number of files |
References | Ref No |
| Volcanic Ash | 250 – 50000 | 184 | 9.99 | 1 | Volz (1972a); Shettle and Fenn (1979) |
[30, 32] [23] |
| Soots | 250 – 50000 | 293 | 9.99 | 1 | Shettle and Fenn (1979) | [23] |
| Carbonaceous | 250 – 50000 | 293 | 9.99 | 1 | Shettle and Fenn (1979) Twitty and Weinman (1971) ; |
[23] [29] |
| Water – Ice | ||||||
| Component | Spectral coverage (cm-1) |
Temperature range (K) |
Concentration range (%) |
Number of files |
References | Ref No |
| Water | 0.33 – 50000 | 265 – 295 | 9.99 | 4 | Dowing and Williams (1975), Kou et al. (1993) Ray (1972); Hale and Querry (1973) |
[5] [12] [10], [20] |
| Water-soluble | 250 – 50000 | 293 | 9.99 | 1 | Volz et al. (1972a, 1972b, 1973); Shettle and Fenn (1979) |
[30, 31, 32] [23] |
| Ice | 0 – 225700 | 130 -273 | 9.99 | 15 | Clapp et al. (1995), Fenn et al. (1985), Kou et al. (1993), Warren (1984) |
[3] [8] [12], [33] |
| Ice-film | 482 – 6962 | 163 | 9.99 | 1 | Toon et al. (1994) | [28] |
| Solids(1) – Salts(2) | ||||||
| Component | Spectral coverage (cm-1) |
Temperature range (K) |
Concentration range (%) |
Number of files |
References | Ref No |
| Mineral-dust | 250 – 40000 | 293 | 9.99 | 1 | Volz (1973) Carlson and Benjamin (1980) Sokolik et al. (1993) |
[32] [2] [24] |
| Quartz | 33 – 50000 | 293 | 9.99 | 2 | Longtin et al. (1988); Gray (1963); Drumond (1936); Spitzer and Kleinman (1961); Philipp (1985) |
[13] [9],[16] [25] [18] |
| Hematite | 33 – 50000 | 293 | 9.99 | 2 | Longtin et al. (1988) | [13] |
| Sand | 33 – 50000 | 293 | 9.99 | 2 | Longtin et al. (1988) | [13] |
| Insoluble | 250 – 40000 | 293 | 9.99 | 1 | Shettle and Fenn (1979) | [23] |
| Ammonium Sulfate | 250 – 50000 | 293 | 9.99 | 1 | Toon et al. (1976) | [27] |
| Meteoric dust | 250 – 50000 | 293 | 9.99 | 1 | Fenn et al. (1985) | [8] |
| Dusts-like | 250 – 50000 | 293 | 9.99 | 1 | Shettle and Fenn (1979), Volz (1972a, 1972b) |
[23], [30-31] |
| Salts | 0 – 50000 | 293 | 9.99 | 18 | Shettle and Fenn (1979), Volz (1972a), Dorsey (1940); Eldridge and Palik (1985) |
[23], [30], [4] [7] |
(1) Solids
Mineral dust: 1 file
Quartz; 2 files, i.e.: quartz-E0ray, quartz-Oray
Hematite; 2 files, i.e.: hematite-Eray, hematite-Oray
Sand; 2 files, i.e.: sand-E00ray, sand-Oray
Insoluble: 1 file
Ammonium Sulfate: 1 file
Meteoric dust:1 file
Dust-like: 1 file
(2) Salts
Sea-salt: 1 file
Sea-salt-coarse: 8 files corresponding respectively to relative humidity 0.0, 0.50, 0.70, 0.80, 0.90, 0.95, 0.98
Sea-salt-accumulation: 8 files corresponding to the same selection of relative humidity as for sea-salt-coarse
Sodium-chloride: 1 file